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El 14 de junio de 2005 la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación abría el proceso de Memoria, Verdad y Justicia. El veredicto del máximo tribunal sentaba precedente para las demás causas abiertas a represores, como las de la ESMA y Primer Cuerpo del Ejército, reimpulsadas con la declaración de nulidad de las leyes en el Congreso Nacional, en agosto de 2003.
Gracias a esta declaración de inconstitucionalidad de las leyes de la impunidad hoy se desarrollan en el país 14 juicios en los que son juzgados represores y civiles cómplices de la dictadura, entre ellos funcionarios judiciales y empresarios.
El fallo, que puso fin al debate sobre la validez de las leyes contó con amplia mayoría de 7 votos y se basó en pactos internacionales y en la imprescriptibilidad de los delitos de lesa humanidad.
Hace nueve años, el entonces presidente Néstor Kirchner aseguró que el fallo le devolvió a los argentinos “la fe en la justicia” porque esas leyes llenaban “de vergüenza” al país.
La inconstitucionalidad de las leyes 23.492 y 23.521 -dictadas en el gobierno de Raúl Alfonsín-, contó con el aval del entonces presidente de la Corte, Enrique Petracchi, y los ministros Antonio Boggiano, Juan Carlos Maqueda, Raúl Zaffaroni, Elena Higthon, Carmen Argibay y Ricardo Lorenzetti.
Las bautizadas “leyes del olvido o del perdón” fueron dictadas en 1986 y 1987, en la presidencia de Raúl Alfonsín y frenaron decenas de causas judiciales contra acusados por la represión ilegal en la última dictadura.
La Corte Suprema emitió el fallo en una causa puntual referida a un planteo del ex suboficial de la Policía Federal Julio “El Turco” Simón, detenido por el secuestro y desaparición de José Poblete, su esposa y su hija, el 27 de noviembre de 1978.
Los ministros entendieron que el Congreso no tenía facultades para dictar esas leyes que favorecieron a los jerarcas de la dictadura y sus subordinados, porque en esa época ya regían normas que impedían cerrar sin sentencia causas por graves violaciones a los derechos humanos.
El veredicto del máximo tribunal sentaba precedente para las demás causas abiertas a represores, como las de la ESMA y Primer Cuerpo del Ejército, reimpulsadas con la declaración de nulidad de las leyes en el Congreso Nacional, en agosto de 2003.
El planteo llegó a la Corte después que la Cámara Federal avaló la inconstitucionalidad de las normas dictadas por primera vez por el juez federal Gabriel Cavallo.
